{"id":5595,"date":"2022-02-01T21:45:59","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T20:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/2022\/02\/01\/spotify-kontroverse-hat-sich-joe-rogan-wirklich-entschuldigt-nein-hat-er-nicht\/"},"modified":"2022-02-01T22:06:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T21:06:02","slug":"spotify-controversy-did-joe-rogan-really-apologize-no-he-didnt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/2022\/02\/01\/spotify-controversy-did-joe-rogan-really-apologize-no-he-didnt\/","title":{"rendered":"Spotify Controversy: Did Joe Rogan Really Apologize? No, He Didn&#8217;t!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neil Young, Joni Mitchell, Nils Lofgren, and a number of other musicians have had their songs removed from the streaming platform Spotify, and if Twitter is to be believed, plenty of users have had their Spotify accounts closed as well. The controversy revolves around podcaster Joe Rogan, who was brought exclusively to the platform by Spotify just a few years ago for the sum of $100 million. Rogan, known for his long podcasts with a wide variety of guests from all fields, has in recent months increasingly emerged as a vaccination skeptic who did not want to believe even proven medical experts and virologists and instead invited dubious experts from the opposite side. But now the criticism had become too much, Spotify lost billions of dollars or more than 10 percent of its value, and even Anthony Fauci, the top American virologist, had already criticized Joe Rogan for false information last April. On Instagram, Rogan now publishes a response that included &#8220;apologies&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-instagram wp-block-embed-instagram\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CZYQ_nDJi6G\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:658px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CZYQ_nDJi6G\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CZYQ_nDJi6G\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\">A post shared by Joe Rogan (@joerogan)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote><script async src=\"\/\/platform.instagram.com\/en_US\/embeds.js\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But are these real apologies? As the author of the (German) book &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/gp\/product\/3864707838\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sorry Not Sorry: The Art of How Not to Apologize<\/a>&#8221; a found tidbit, and as expected, the apology is not one. But here in order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First of all, in fact, he apologizes, no, not to the listeners he misinforms, but to Spotify, and that the company has become a target of criticism:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>I want to thank Spotify for being so supportive during this time and I\u2019m very sorry that this is happening to them and that they\u2019re taking so much heat from it.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We know this <em>13th Artifice: It happened, but I am the real victim<\/em> from Cologne&#8217;s Cardinal Rainer Maria Woelki, who apologized not to the victims of abuse in his diocese, but to the assembled faithful at midnight mass for having to witness the attacks on him. Here is the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/2021\/04\/22\/the-art-of-the-non-apology\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"3842\" target=\"_blank\">Woelki wording<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;What those affected by sexual violence and you have had to endure in the last days and weeks before Christmas in connection with the handling of the expert report on coming to terms with sexualized violence in our archdiocese, what you have had to endure in terms of criticism about it and, in particular, criticism of me as a person &#8211; for all that I ask your forgiveness.&#8221;<\/p><cite>Cardinal Rainer Maria Woelki<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Back to Joe Rogan. To Neil Young and Joni Mitchell he said:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>I&#8217;m very sorry that they feel that way. I most certainly don&#8217;t want that. I&#8217;m a Neil Young fan. I&#8217;ve always been a Neil Young fan.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, if they feel that way, then that is actually their problem, not mine. If they didn&#8217;t feel that way, then there would actually be no problem at all, and therefore nothing to excuse. Not me, the others are too sensitive here. He also repeated the sentence in a slightly different form:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>If I pissed you off, I\u2019m sorry.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If no one is upset, then there&#8217;s nothing to be sorry about, is there? And that&#8217;s the <em>17th Artifice: People are just too sensitive.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is one more element to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8216;m a Neil Young fan. I&#8217;ve always been a Neil Young fan.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the equivalent of &#8220;I also have black\/Mexican\/Jewish friends&#8221;. I can&#8217;t be xenophobic at all, because I have foreigners as friends myself. This is summarized in the <em>14th Artifice: Can&#8217;t be at all, because I am also <em>(not)<\/em> like that<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He also massively weakens his intentions. It was just a harmless podcast with friends and acquaintances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>I\u2019ve never tried to do anything with this podcast other than just talk to people and have interesting conversations. [..] Die Joe Rogan Experience started off is just f\u2013king around with my friends.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I summarized this under the <em>8th Artifice: It happened, but it was a misunderstanding<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How sincere he was in his apology can be seen in the fact that he once again justifies the selection of his guests and their opinions, even though they led to his podcast being accused of &#8220;spreading dangerous misinformation.&#8221; His guests were<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8230;very highly credentialed, very intelligent, very accomplished people.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And he adds to that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>The problem I have with the term misinformation, especially today, is that many of the things that we thought of as misinformation just a short while ago are now accepted as fact.<\/p><cite>Joe Rogan<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No sign of insight, no sign that he will learn from this and want to do better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How to apologize properly has been captured by American behavioral scientist David P. Boyd in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-011-0915-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seven sequential steps<\/a>, which he calls the art of a public apology:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Disclosure<\/li><li>Recognition<\/li><li>Responsiveness<\/li><li>Responsibility<\/li><li>Remorse<\/li><li>Restitution<\/li><li>Reform<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the first two steps, one becomes aware that crap has happened and that an apology is due. In the third step, the apology should follow as quickly and immediately as possible, taking responsibility for one&#8217;s own actions (or omissions), expressing contrition, promising to make amends, and taking action to avoid such mishaps in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because this does not appear in Joe Rogan&#8217;s &#8220;apology&#8221;, it is a so-called non-apology. And it is worthless and does not resolve the controversy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to learn more about the art of apology, here is my (German) <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/gp\/product\/3864707838\" target=\"_blank\">book<\/a> with many practical and humorous examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-dark-gray-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background:radial-gradient(rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/gp\/product\/3864707838\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"455\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/technophilosoph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Sorry-Not-Sorry.jpg?resize=300%2C455&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4009\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/technophilosoph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Sorry-Not-Sorry.jpg?w=300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/technophilosoph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Sorry-Not-Sorry.jpg?resize=198%2C300&amp;ssl=1 198w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/technophilosoph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Sorry-Not-Sorry.jpg?resize=40%2C60&amp;ssl=1 40w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sorry-not-sorry\">Sorry Not Sorry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">40 Kunstgriffe f\u00fcr Minister, Manager und sonstige Mistkerle, die Schei\u00dfe gebaut haben und nun die Aufregung nicht verstehen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Dieses Buch kann bereits beim <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boersenmedien.de\/produkt\/sorry-not-sorry-die-kunst-wie-man-sich-nicht-entschuldigt-2166.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Verlag<\/a> oder <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/gp\/product\/3864707838\" target=\"_blank\">Amazon<\/a> vorbestellt werden.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neil Young, Joni Mitchell, Nils Lofgren, and a number of other musicians have had their songs removed from the streaming platform Spotify, and if Twitter is to be believed, plenty of users have had their Spotify accounts closed as well. &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/2022\/02\/01\/spotify-controversy-did-joe-rogan-really-apologize-no-he-didnt\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Spotify Controversy: Did Joe Rogan Really Apologize? No, He Didn&#8217;t!<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8770504,"featured_media":5576,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[694240487],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-apology","fallback-thumbnail"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p72hdn-1sf","amp_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/technophilosoph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Joe-Rogan-Podcast.png?fit=2000%2C1125&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5595","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8770504"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5595"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5606,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5595\/revisions\/5606"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/technophilosoph.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}